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Author Topic: My next engine in the making  (Read 4432 times)
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jdmmonkey
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« Reply #75 on: February 08, 2010, 08:06:42 AM »

Welcome back mate, don't stress - we're all a little strapped at the moment. Come pass us by now and then and join in on the conversations where you can. Really miss the updates on this project but you know the old saying... good things come to those who wait.

You're project is inspirational for myself personally and been a great wealth of resource so far! Keep it up!

Onto the pet project. Cheesy WOW! Very neat idea and something I've been wanting to do myself for ages. If you need help on the funding side i'm prepared to R&D with you. This is a cool idea!
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« Reply #76 on: February 09, 2010, 10:15:35 PM »

Here's a diagram of the oil system I'm wanting to do some day, but perhaps not during this build:


(oldskool pencil!)

First, the system is a dry sump using stock pump. The oil tank is fitted with low lever sensor and oil preheat for shorter warm-up time.  From the tank the oil line is taken to the well-serviced stock oil pump. This is because if the belt on the dry sump pump should fail, the engine will still receive lubrication. From the pump the oil is moved to a thermostat, if for some reason the oil gets heat soaked. From the cooler the oil is taken to stock water/oil heat exhanger, the reason for this apparent belt-and-suspenderd solution is to normalize the oil temp; you don't want it too hot nor too cold. If there should be some spirited winter driving in -20 degrees, it's a possibility the cooler is too effective. (though, in those situations it's customary to block off the cooler with a piece of cardboard... ah well.)

After heat normalization, the oil is filtered (the cooler tend to pick up tiny unfiltered particles and then release them in big chunks. Thus between the pump and filters.). After main flow filter there is a proportional valve, where a small portion of oil is diverted into a bypass filter ("side flow" filter there, my bad...) that filters out the tiny, few µm sized particles the main flow filter cannot handle. Then there's a pressure accumulator that stores about a liter of oil; this is to provide instant oil pressure at engine start. Also, if the oil warning light sensor is placed upstream, then fitted with a check valve and and the solenoid valve operated by the oil warning light, it could provide back-up lubrication if the oil pump is damaged. From there the setup is pretty standard. The oil is split for the turbo and engine lubrication, and return via scavenge pump back into reservoir. The electric pump would be for turbo lubrication after engine turn-off. It would need a small over flow reservoir of it's own, as the scavenging pump won't work if the engine won't run.

It all seems rather overcomplicated, but it's an attempt to keep service costs and reliability closer to stock than it would otherwise be with a built engine. You'll only know if it was worth it if you build it and tried it.

I'm working on the Digidash on slow pace, I'll update on it every once in a while Smiley Just be ware... last time I made cost estimations, the parts alone from the local retailer (in bulk prices) cost several hundred euros per unit. The electronic components themselves were just a bit over a hundred €; connectors, cases and circuit boards were the really expensive parts.
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jdmmonkey
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« Reply #77 on: February 10, 2010, 08:17:26 AM »

Quote
Also, if the oil warning light sensor is placed upstream, then fitted with a check valve and and the solenoid valve operated by the oil warning light, it could provide back-up lubrication if the oil pump is damaged

If anything else that is an AWESOME design decision!. After reading through the system I don't see any obvious short comings - this is definitely something I'm interested in doing myself. I'll try the design out as soon as the time is right.

Onto the digidash. I'm fully aware of the costs :-) Thankfully I have a dealer account at one of our largest electronic suppliers in South Africa, so who knows, some of those things I could get cheaper than the normal retail pricing.

Cases are always a problem, that and PCB's!! have to buy in bulk to save there. Kerri I'm keen and very interested in helping you get the product out, let me know when you have a free moment and we can co-ordinate an online meeting about it.

Take care mate and all the best!

EDIT: I forgot to mention the old skool pencil drawing rocks!!

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« Reply #78 on: February 23, 2010, 10:57:50 PM »

Some more doodlings! This time on an isometric graph paper Cheesy



The coolant system modifications. The differences aren't that great this time, there's a cross-flow radiator, mounted front of the frame. This is to give more room for the turbo and exhaust system. The crossflow is a bit more efficient than down-flow too, so it's a bonus.

However, since the radiator will be buried within the bumper and not easily reachable, the filling system has been altered to a typical european setup, where the system is topped through the reservoir. It has a bit better self de-aeration properties too.

The heater core should have a bypass thermostat to block off the heater until the engine isin running temp. This is just to ensure the heater won't slow down the engine warm-up in cold weather. Just to be safe in case someone else is running the car, as in the winter most people put the heater to max while the engine is cold. This only slows down reaching proper running temp.
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« Reply #79 on: February 24, 2010, 06:37:42 PM »

Cross flow will aid cooling a bit, the radiator fill idea is cool - just a bit confused as to what the bottle should be made out of to handle the pressure. Perhaps metal is the best but unsure of level indicator issues. One can't exactly have a viewport out of plastic but perhaps a thick perspex would do the trick.

The main thing is the pressure being held, not sure if that would be a problem going this design, ultimately improving or reducing the boiling point.
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« Reply #80 on: February 24, 2010, 09:02:27 PM »

There are stainless steel tanks made for this purpose, they look cool and have a clear tube for level inspection and all (Image of one), but I think I'm going for a polythene flask made for trucks, it's nice and big and I have a few of those already Smiley
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« Reply #81 on: February 24, 2010, 09:27:36 PM »

Ah ha! Now that bad boy can work! I like, the only thing is - is the red cap a radiator cap in disguise? Or would one need to chop it and weld / design the top part of the tank to accommodate OEM style caps.

Still think that tank looks awesome.
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« Reply #82 on: February 24, 2010, 09:30:31 PM »

... But - I'd still switch that glass tube for a perspex one. 1.1bar pressure + and it's going to shatter. In my mind anyway.
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« Reply #83 on: February 24, 2010, 09:39:43 PM »

I think it is perspex. There should be caps with and without pressure relief valves available for that. There are similar looking power steering reservoirs too, one could have a neat looking engine bay with those Smiley
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« Reply #84 on: February 24, 2010, 09:44:01 PM »

Yes sir! Thanks for sharing didn't know they existed and really think they're neat. :-) gives me even more dress up ideas.
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« Reply #85 on: February 27, 2010, 08:20:04 PM »

Alright, back to the scheduled program, it's been a while! The garage was a complete mess, because due to circumstances I had to store a lot of stuff there from elsewhere. Anyway, I managed to get decent work space again and took on coiling the exhaust stud bores. I've had my share of problems with exhaust studs stripping and I want none of that in this build.

So, here goes:


The point of no return... Don't worry about the non-protected deck, I taped it up with duct tape soon enough after the first drill.


That's it, too late to think it over. The remains of the original thread are still visible in the bore walls, which is good.


There, all drilled. The amount of swarf was incredible, I brushed it off with a soft brush, flying all that garbage around with compressed air seems like a bad idea. There's now duct tape on the deck to protect from contamination and scratches. I need to clean the head anyway, there's dust settled on it, so any smaller shaving finding their way into oil channels or water jacket is not a great problem really.


I sort of suck getting the tap to go straight in the bore. so I mounted the tap on the bench drill chuck and turned the chuck by hand. Aluminium is soft enough to do it without extra leverage.


After tapping with #1 tap I went straight to #3 tap and bottomed the threads just to make sure the coil won't taper in at the bottom (that would suck bigtime). Since there was a good start I didn't need to do it with the chuck anymore and went with the traditional T-handle.


Again, the amount of swarf was incredible and this time it was a bit tough to remove. I used brake cleaner spray, that flushed out the shavings pretty efficiently but didn't fly it around the garage. I tried to get the threads as clean as possible before threading in the coils since jamming a coil half way in or having it taper at some chip left into the thread would cause serious problems!



Coiled thread on applicator, ready for installation! The brand I used is ReCoil, pretty much just like helicoil, except for the name. Australian brand btw.



The first coil going in! All of them threaded in pretty smoothly in fact. The collet is a good indicator when the coil is far enough in the thread.



One in! I made sure all the coils are deep enough to be supported on every side so the coil can't unwind.


..and they're all in! Shiny and good.


The stubs were cut off with a punch. Removing the stubs wasn't an issue, few swabs by a magnet on a screw driver turned the tool into a Msgical Coild Stub Removal Tool. So they're not stainless... sort of hoped they were but that's not a big issue. There's going to be a lot of assembly paste here anyway.



I finished the work by tightening a bolt into the threads, making sure the coils were sitting tightly on their grooves. All the holes tightened to roughly the same depth and with similar torque, so it does look good. Those 10.9 grade bolts will make the final studs, the original 10x1.5mm thread will be cut to the length of 15mm and a 10x1.25 thread will be cut on the shank.

However, since I've got the dirtiest job done, I think the next step won't be making of the stubs, but instead assembling the valve train! It'll be the first time to see the setup with new, reground cams and adjustable cam gears.
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« Reply #86 on: March 07, 2010, 12:48:41 AM »

Holy crap guys...

I was about to start to do the valve spring installation and got a bit careless with handling and got this:



Now, it's not very deep, feels like a pencil mark, but still it's a score on a sealing surface. I need to see the machinist next Monday and ask him if it needs re-decking. I didn't need this to happen, I really didn't. Next time I keep the gaffer tape on the surface right until final assembly. God damn it.
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« Reply #87 on: March 07, 2010, 10:55:04 PM »

Ah dammit!!! Sorry for that, hope int ain't too bad. I'll hold thumbs for you.
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« Reply #88 on: March 10, 2010, 12:41:32 PM »

The machinist will have a look at the scratch at the first opportunity. Meanwhile, I did a full write-up on the crank brace project; even though I've somewhat closely reported it's going-ons here, this is the full story so far. Here's the finalized shape, I only adjusted it a tiny bit since:



A wooden mockup was used to check clearances on the brace:



The 94mm crank has no clearance issues.

The method of production is sand casting. The method requires patterns from which the sand molds are pulled. The construction of the patterns is wood and plastic, here's a look how they look in CAD:


The base material is plywood. Two 12mm sheets are used for stiffness, the patterns for stringers are pinewood. The more complex parts forming the bridges over bearing caps are made with cast resin parts. First, master patterns were created using 3D rapid prototyping services. I got the SLS parts at our office as "samples", they came out looking like this:




SLS method leaves a bit rough surface, I smoothed it out a bit with primer and sanding.



The holes were clayed up, because it would later hinder the copying process.



The part was attached to the bottom of a mold box and sealed with modeling clay. A cabinet tray served well here.



Pouring in the mold RTV silicone. It's very important the part is anchored, otherwise it may start to float in the silicone and the batch is ruined.



And here are the molds. The white mold was a sort of disaster, I had put too little catalyst in the silicone and it took four days to cure. When I removed the "bottom" part, the silicone gave way and broke (you can see it's distorted in the white mold). Thus I had to do the red mold.



Clear casting resin was used to obtain five copies of each bit. They need to be finished by sanding each to exactly the same size, and the to be attached on the mold. A keen eye tells the design on the "top" bit (the one that seats against the cap) got changed a bit in design. This is to increase strength and help with casting. The original shape was due to having the fifth bearing cap as reference, and that has a protrusion that needs the extra clearance. Obviously the clearance needs to be cut for the fifth cap before finishing the patterns.

Right now I'm pretty broke so the project is moving very slowly. I have the base plates almost worked out, the cap bridges need a bit of work, so there's not much more to the patterns but actual casting and machining will require cash.

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« Reply #89 on: March 15, 2010, 03:58:10 PM »

Alright, here's what's up: The long streak wasn't too much of concern, however there was another nick at the flame ring area elsewhere that did need machining. Planing the deck wasn't too expensive, so I went for it and asked to plane the exhaust flange too while at it; the whole deal is about 55 USD, so it's not terrible. HOPEFULLY I could get to assemble the head this week, no more than ummmm 18 months later than I expected at first.
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« Reply #90 on: March 15, 2010, 05:53:38 PM »

:-) The main thing is you didn't just turf the project. You've stuck too it! 55 USD isn't too bad considering you got both bits sorted out now. All the best and can't wait to read more about assembling of this head :-)
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« Reply #91 on: March 15, 2010, 11:09:49 PM »

Well, it has around 5k USD put into it, so one scratch (or two) is definitely not going to put me off Smiley

Unfortunately, once I have the head assembled and put on the block, there's nothing left to do with the engine until I get my job back... or another job.
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« Reply #92 on: March 16, 2010, 08:48:51 AM »

5k USD isn't small money for this project - Glad you keeping it alive. Assemble the thing already Tongue So excited. The job will come looking for you soon enough.  Cool
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« Reply #93 on: March 17, 2010, 11:12:47 PM »

Alright, I got the head back. Due to circumstances I had to change the machine shop, and sure enough, the machinist took the job immediately in, I got it in a day, and with deck and exhaust flange machining it cost about 40 euros. However, as the adage goes, cheap, fast and good; pick any two. The surface roughness is not nearly what it was (though still better than stock) and there was swarf everywhere even though we agreed on cleaning the head.

Anyway, brake cleaner and compressed air will take care of the shavings, but for the surface, it seems I just have to go for hylomar and hope for the best. On the other hand, I did get the exhaust flange planed too, which might help getting full seal on the exhaust; this was always somewhat of a problem with my old engine.

Installing valves proved to be harder than I thought, mostly due to really bad spring compressor. The tubular jaw is over a centimeter short of even contacting the valve retainer, let alone pushing it far enough down to actually expose the valve stem enough. I wonder which sort of clown designed the thing... I can't imagine it working properly on any DOHC head, which is what it was made for. An angle grinder and a welder will take care of that problem, tomorrow.
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« Reply #94 on: March 18, 2010, 08:33:57 AM »

However, as the adage goes, cheap, fast and good; pick any two.

This is so true, there are very few instances where you can get all three because the job is being done for the passion and not the money / throughput.

Swarf everywhere? SO they didn't clean anything after machining? WTH! You're going to have to check / inspect every nook and cranny to make sure it's all out before assembly. Such a schlep.

Keep us posted on valve install, when you start taking care of things with angle grinders you make me worry Tongue
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« Reply #95 on: March 18, 2010, 07:31:07 PM »

Don't worry, it'll be just the tool I'm taking angle grinder to, not the engine Cheesy
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« Reply #96 on: June 04, 2010, 08:35:52 AM »

I finally got around doing stuff on the engine...  I finally reshaped my spring compressor to fit the FE DOHC head. I didn't make the extensions quite long enough so I had to grind away from the neck too. Not pretty, but it works.


Installing the valve keepers really took some patience. There's not a whole lot of room to maneuver, and the valve locks just seem to want to go anywhere but on the groove. I got a nasty surprise, I was one lock short! Must've fallen out of the bag and disappeared. Ah well, fortunately Toyota locks are cheap (something Mazda parts are not...) so I'll pick up an extra soon. Anyway I got all but one valve in place, and even if risking getting ahead of myself, I started building up the intake side valve bank. Installing the locks is incredibly tricky.




Something I neglected to mention was further recondition of the HLA buckets. I had kept them for a long time as they were after cleaning, because used camshafts need used lifter buckets. Since I had reground my camshafts, I had to redo the top of the lifters too. I used at first 80-grit sanding paper to even out the surface, then progress to 120, 400, 800 and 1200 grit to achieve a surface with no scratch marks and sort of dull sheen. The line contact between the lifters and the old camshaft can still be seen on the lifters, but I honestly couldn't feel any distortion on that spot on any of the buckets.


The camshaft got a surface treatment (nitriding) thus the lobes are black. I didn't install the bearing caps  just yet, I'm going to do it soon enough tho. The dirty bolts in the pictures are not going to stay there, I've already replaced those with clean bolts.
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« Reply #97 on: June 07, 2010, 12:12:09 PM »

That didn't come out too badly actually (Spring compressor hack)!

I hear you on the time consuming part. I have "fumbly" hands - so smaller items like those are a real pain to work with. How much (if you don't mind me asking) difference in costs are there between the Mazda locks vs. Toyota? material differences?

So you're using the old HLA's then - cleaned them out same way the post on MX6 goes? Minus the sanding of course ;-) How much did you take off more or less? Shouldn't have been too much.

Also wondering why you didn't decide to go solid lifter, can't recall your goal rpm either? Wasn't it over 8k though? Can see the coating on the cams, the lobes - what scratched some of them? or is it just the shot.

Excited to read more! Glad you're still sticking to plans :-)
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« Reply #98 on: June 07, 2010, 12:56:58 PM »

Toyota locks were about three euros a piece, while Mazda were ten. There's absolutely no justification for such a price, it's obscene beyond imagination.

I'll go to solids if I have to, but the both machinists with didn't consider solids necessary (the new grind isn't quite that hot, 265 degrees of duration and 9.75mm lift, only 10 degrees and 0.5mm over stock) at least when kept under 8k. The main reason I had the cams reground was due to a few spots of corrosion, I probably wouldn't have touched them otherwise. I'm planning to stick close to original redline, perhaps occasionally flirting with 8k (bit of a stretch with 94mm stroke!). If the high RPM does require them I will reconsider solids, but as for now I'd rather the low maintenance and not needing to remove the cams too many times, the sealing around the bearings can be a bit touchy.

The buckets had perhaps 0.1mm shaved, probably less; I didn't measure really, I only sanded them until the surface was smooth and then finished the surface. There wasn't a whole of material on the sanding paper. There aren't any scratches in the cams or the buckets, it's light playing tricks. The short lines across the center are left from being tensioned against the cams for an extended period of time; it's not recessed and seems to be a visual issue only.
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« Reply #99 on: June 07, 2010, 01:10:23 PM »

Ah okay :-) It's the light then! Cool, if you're staying away from 9k, especially at that angle hehe, then the buckets are fine. I really wanted to stay away from solids too - but the kind of lift and ramp I'm after won't allow it.

I finally got around to designing what is in my mind the perfect camshaft for what I wanted to achieve - only to get a bit of a blow with the paintshop costs. So my personal build will take a back seat while saving up further.

Thanks for the info on the locks! I agree, no need spending extra like that, Mazda have always been expensive though - not good. That's an extra ZAR65 EACH! for us (at time of posting)
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